Criminology Dictionary

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Action

Action, in the context of criminology, refers to any behavior or activity that violates the law and is considered a criminal offense. This can range...

Attest

Attesting is an intricately complex and legally consequential process that pertains to the act of confirming the veracity or authenticity of a...

Arraignment

Arraignment is a formal and crucial court proceeding that occurs shortly after a defendant's arrest, where the defendant is brought before a judge or...

Appeal

When a lower court makes a decision in a criminal case, either the defendant or the prosecution may feel that the decision was unjust or based on...

Adjudication

Adjudication is a complex and multifaceted process that involves the formal determination of a person's guilt or innocence in the context of a...

Affidavit

An affidavit is a legal document that carries the weight of truth, as it is a written statement that must be sworn under oath or affirmation....

Adversarialism

Adversarialism in the realm of criminal justice refers to a specific style of legal proceedings that frames the process as a competitive contest...

Actus Reus

The term 'actus reus,' originating from Latin, is used in the field of criminology to refer to the physical or external element of a crime. This...

Abandonment

Abandonment, a legal term, generally denotes a situation where an individual, in light of his legal duty or responsibility to care for or safeguard...

Administrative Criminology

Administrative criminology, a term originally introduced by criminologist Jock Young, encapsulates a specific trend within the field of criminology...

Accountability

Accountability in the context of criminology is a crucial concept that encompasses the mechanisms and processes designed to ensure responsible and...

Adoption

The convoluted legal labyrinth that is adoption is a process whereby a person or couple becomes the legal parent or parents of a child, whom they are...

Administrative Review

Administrative review is an intricate and vital process in criminology, serving as a watchdog to ensure that law enforcement agencies and other...

Adjudicated Father

Adjudicated father refers to a man whose legal status as a child's father has been determined through a formal court proceeding. This typically...

Assault

Assault, a heinous crime, refers to a threat or an attempt to cause bodily harm to another person. This vicious act, regarded as a violent crime,...

Arrest

An arrest is a momentous event in the criminal justice system, whereby a person is taken into custody by law enforcement officials for allegedly...

Attorney-at-Law

An attorney-at-law, also known as a lawyer, is a legal professional who is authorized to represent clients in legal matters, including criminal...

Amicus Curiae

Amicus Curiae, a Latin phrase meaning 'friend of the court,' refers to a person or organization that is not directly involved in a criminal case but...

Admissibility

Admissibility is a concept in criminology that refers to whether or not evidence or testimony can be presented in court during a criminal trial. But...

Actuarial Justice

Actuarial justice is a concept in criminology that reflects a shift towards the application of risk assessment and quantitative calculations in the...

Adjudicated

Adjudication is a complex and multifaceted process that involves the formal determination of a person's guilt or innocence in the context of a...

Anomie

Anomie, originally coined by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim in the late 19th century and further developed by Robert Merton in the 20th...

Adversary System

The adversary system is a legal system where opposing parties - the prosecution and defense - battle it out like gladiators in front of a neutral...

Administrative Documentation

Administrative documentation, a mouthful of a term, encompasses the multitude of forms and records that law enforcement agencies and government...

Affirmed

An affidavit is a written statement of fact that is made under oath or affirmation by the person making the statement. It is commonly used in...

Affirmative Defense

An affirmative defense is a legal strategy utilized in criminology that can potentially absolve a defendant of criminal liability by justifying or...

Anti-social Behaviour

Anti-social behavior, as defined in law, refers to conduct that causes or is likely to cause harassment, alarm, or distress to others. This term...

Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Beyond reasonable doubt is a complicated legal standard that applies to criminal trials and is used to decide whether the prosecution has...

Bill of Particulars

A Bill of Particulars, a perplexing legal document in the realm of criminal law, is employed to disclose additional information and facts about the...

Bailiff

A bailiff, also known as a court officer, is a law enforcement professional whose duty is to maintain order and security in a courtroom, as well as...

Bar

The mystical and elusive 'bar' is a term used to describe the legal profession's licensing requirements that prevent just any Joe Schmo from...

Bail

Bail, in legal terms, is the temporary release of someone who has been accused of a crime but not yet convicted, under the condition that they return...

Brief

A brief is a written document that is submitted to a court by a legal representative, typically a lawyer, to present an argument or point of view in...

Bail Bond

Bail bonds are a type of surety bond that helps accused persons gain freedom from custody in exchange for a financial guarantee that they will show...

Booking

Booking is a process in which a person who has been arrested by the police is officially processed and recorded into the criminal justice...

Battered Woman Syndrome

Battered woman syndrome, a term commonly used in criminology and psychology, refers to a highly debilitating psychological condition experienced by...

Brutalization

Brutalization is the perplexing process in which an individual who has been subjected to violence, trauma, or other forms of mistreatment becomes...

Corpus Delicti

Corpus delicti refers to the tangible evidence that shows a crime has been committed. The expression comes from Latin, which translates to 'the body...

Common Law

Common law refers to the legal system that has evolved over time through the decisions made by judges and the interpretations of laws, as opposed to...

Chambers

Chambers refer to private rooms located within a courthouse or court building that are used by judges and magistrates. These rooms are intended for...

Capital Crime

A capital crime is a grave offense that carries the ultimate punishment – death. The heinousness of the crime is often considered to be a decisive...

Court of Appeals

The Court of Appeals is a federal court that holds dominion over the review of decisions handed down by inferior federal courts, regulatory entities,...

Case Records

Case records are a collection of papers and data that are meticulously maintained by criminal justice organizations relating to a specific criminal...

Custody Hearing

A custody hearing is a complicated and emotionally charged legal proceeding that aims to decide the custody and visitation arrangements for a minor...

Certification

Certification is a process that can put a juvenile offender in a legal limbo. This controversial procedure allows the case to be transferred from...

Complainant

The term 'complainant' refers to an individual or group who initiates a complaint or accusation against another person, usually in a criminal case....

Child Neglect

Child neglect is a complex issue that arises from a failure to provide for a child's basic needs. These needs include adequate food, clothing,...

Contempt of Court

Contempt of court is a concept in the legal system that refers to a person's disobedience or lack of respect towards the court, its officials, or its...

Caveat

A caveat is a powerful tool that can be used to raise awareness and prevent potential legal mishaps. A caveat acts as a cautionary statement that is...

Case Law

Case law refers to a complex and convoluted set of legal decisions made by judges and courts in past cases. This legal doctrine serves as a source of...

Court Martial

A court-martial is an intricate military court system that deals with members of the armed forces who have allegedly violated military law or the...

Civil Commitment

Civil commitment is a legal procedure that allows for the involuntary confinement and care of individuals with mental health or substance abuse...

Continuance

A continuance is a legal term that means putting off or delaying a court proceeding or trial to a later date. This happens when a party involved in a...

Confession

A confession is a remarkable and oftentimes controversial statement made by an individual who admits to committing a crime. It is considered one...

Conspiracy

Conspiracy is a perplexing and intricate criminal offense that involves a group of individuals engaging in illicit activities. The group may scheme...

Confession

In the field of criminology, a decision refers to the ultimate determination or resolution made by a court or other legal authority in a criminal...

Consent Search

A consent search is an operation carried out by officers of the law with the voluntary authorization of a person who has the power to allow such an...

Concurrent Sentences

This type of sentence is given when a defendant is found guilty of more than one crime and is given a sentence for each crime that they will serve at...

Conviction

A conviction is the final outcome of a criminal case, where the defendant is found guilty of the charges brought against them. The conviction can...

Criminal Prosecution

The legal mechanism of criminal prosecution entails a labyrinthine process of charging and trying an individual for committing an unlawful act. This...

Circumstantial Evidence

Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on inference and deduction to establish a fact, rather than direct observation or personal...

Concur

When it comes to legal proceedings, the term 'concur' can often stir up some confusion. But fear not, for this complex concept is sure to leave you...

Closing Argument

The closing argument is the ultimate opportunity for an attorney to sway the judge or jury in a trial, and it is considered one of the most important...

Cross-Examination

In criminology, cross-examination is a dynamic and high-stakes process in which a witness who has previously testified on direct examination is...

Court Order

A court order is a powerful legal instrument that can be used to compel individuals, organizations, or entities to take specific actions or refrain...

Competency

Competency is a term used to describe a defendant's ability to understand and actively engage in legal proceedings that are held against...

Child Abuse

The term 'child abuse' refers to an array of reprehensible actions or omissions perpetrated by a parent, caregiver, or any other adult, which lead to...

Detention

Detention, a term commonly used in the field of law enforcement and justice, describes the act of holding an individual in custody, usually by...

Direct Examination

Direct examination is a crucial element in a trial or hearing, as it involves the questioning of a witness by the party who called them to the...

Default Judgment

In the world of the law, a default judgment denotes a decision issued by a court against a party involved in a legal proceeding who neglected to take...

Damages

The perplexing realm of criminology encompasses a concept known as damages, which refers to a form of financial compensation that a plaintiff or...

Docket

The concept of a docket can be described as a list of cases scheduled for a hearing or already heard by a court. The docket usually provides...

Diversion

Diversion refers to the process of diverting an accused offender out of the traditional criminal justice system and into alternative programs or...

Diminished Capacity

The notion of diminished capacity is a legal defense that seeks to establish the defendant's mental incapacity or defect, which prevented them from...

Dying Declaration

A dying declaration is a legal term used in criminal cases to describe a statement made by an individual who believes that their death is imminent...

Dismissal

Dismissal, a legal term that denotes the termination of a criminal case prior to trial, can be due to various reasons that may or may not result in a...

Direct Questions

Direct questions are a type of questioning used during a direct examination of a witness in court. When an attorney calls a witness to testify on...

Deposition

In criminology, a deposition is a legal procedure that occurs before a trial, in which a witness or a party provides sworn testimony outside of the...

Direct Evidence

In the legal system, evidence can be categorized in two distinct ways, namely direct and circumstantial evidence. Direct evidence can be defined as...

Double Jeopardy

Double jeopardy is a legal concept in criminology that prevents an individual from being prosecuted or punished twice for the same offense. The...

Defendant

In the field of criminology, a defendant is an individual or a group of individuals who have been accused of committing a crime and are facing...

Daubert Test

The Daubert test is a legal principle, established by a landmark case in the US Supreme Court called Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc....

Discovery

The process of discovery is an essential aspect of the criminal justice system. During discovery, the prosecution and defense are obligated to...

Extradition

Extradition is the process by which one country or jurisdiction hands over a person who has been accused or convicted of a crime to another country...

Expert Witnesse

Expert witnesses are a key element of the legal system, bringing their specialized knowledge, skills, training, or experience to bear on complex or...

Ex-parte Order

An ex-parte order is a legal decision that a judge or magistrate can make in the absence of one of the parties involved in the case. The decision is...

Element of a Crime

The concept of an 'element of a crime' can be a perplexing one, as it involves a variety of components that must be present for a criminal act to be...

Expunge

The concept of 'expunge' pertains to the act of removing or deleting criminal records from the public record of an individual. Whenever a person...

Exigent Circumstances

Exigent circumstances is a legal term that describes some serious and pressing situations that require immediate action from law enforcement...

Expert Testimony

Expert testimony is a legal concept that involves the testimony given by an expert witness, who possesses specialized knowledge, training, or...

Evidentiary Standards

Evidentiary standards refer to the level of evidence required to prove guilt in a criminal case. Several different standards of proof may be used in...

Exclusionary Rule

The exclusionary rule, a well-known legal principle in the United States, is highly complex and controversial. Essentially, the rule prohibits the...

Entrapment

Entrapment is a controversial legal defense that arises when law enforcement officials induce an individual to commit a crime that they wouldn't have...

Frye Standard

The Frye standard is a legal doctrine that perplexes even the most seasoned of attorneys. It's an evidentiary rule used in some parts of the United...

Fence

The illicit operation of fencing involves the purchase and sale of pilfered goods by an individual or business, which is considered a heinous...

Frye Test

The Frye test, also known as the Frye standard, is a rule of evidence used in some U.S. jurisdictions to determine the admissibility of scientific...

Felony

A heinous crime that could land one in jail for over a year is called a felony. These are way more severe than misdemeanors, which are minor offenses...

Fraud

Fraud is an illicit activity characterized by deceiving or misrepresenting information for personal or financial gain. It can manifest in various...

Gag Order

A gag order is a legal order that bars parties involved in a legal case from disclosing specific details of the case to the public. Gag orders are...

Gault Decision

The Gault decision, a momentous ruling by the US Supreme Court in 1967, centers around the case of a young man named Gerald Gault. When he was only...

Hostile Witness

A hostile witness is an irritable individual summoned by a party but who seems to have a bone to pick with them. These types of witnesses are often...

Hearsay

Hearsay, a legal term, refers to an out-of-court statement that someone other than the witness who is testifying in court made, which is offered as...

Holographic Document

A holographic document, a type of document entirely handwritten and signed by the author, can be a critical piece of evidence in criminal trials,...

Habeas Corpus

Habeas corpus, a complex and critical legal term, refers to a court order, often dubbed as the 'Great Writ', that has the power to drag someone who...

Hearsay Rule

The hearsay rule, a fundamental legal principle, generally precludes the presentation of hearsay evidence in court. Hearsay, which refers to an...

Hearing

A hearing is a legal proceeding in which evidence and arguments are presented before a court or administrative agency in order to determine a...

Interrogatories

Interrogatories are a formal set of written questions that one party in a legal case sends to another party, who is required to answer them in...

Incompetency

The notion of incompetence is a perplexing topic that involves a defendant's inability to actively participate in their own criminal trial due to a...

Inadmissible Evidence

In the legal system, inadmissible evidence is any form of evidence that is prohibited from being used in court. Such evidence can be rejected for...

Infraction

An infraction is a minor offense that doesn't usually result in imprisonment but can lead to a fine or penalty. Examples of infractions include...

Indeterminate Sentence

An indeterminate sentence is a form of sentencing that allows for a range of prison time rather than a specific length. It's the parole board's job...

Injunction

An injunction is this thing that a court can order, and it makes someone either do or not do a specific thing. In criminal cases, they use...

Immunity

Immunity is a complex legal concept that can take on different forms and have varying implications depending on the context. In criminal cases,...

Juvenile Court

The labyrinthine and intricate juvenile court system is a unique court system that is designated for the purpose of handling cases that involve young...

Juvenile

The term 'juvenile' refers to individuals who haven't reached the age of 18 and are classified as minors according to the law. When juveniles are...

Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction, in the legal context, pertains to the court's legal power to hear and settle a case. It is the court's capacity to adjudicate legal...

Judicial Review

Judicial review is the power of the courts to evaluate and review the constitutionality of laws or actions taken by government agencies or...

Justice

Justice is a multifaceted concept that involves the just and unbiased treatment of individuals who have been accused of criminal acts, as well as...

Litigation

Litigation, an intricate legal procedure, involves resolving a conflict between parties through a court system. This legal action may stem from...

Legal Custody

Legal custody is a term with a multitude of meanings, depending on the specific context in which it is used. In family law, legal custody generally...

Leading Question

A leading question is a type of question that is designed to influence or prompt a particular response from the person being questioned. It is...

Liable

Liable is a complex legal term that indicates a degree of responsibility or culpability for a criminal act or civil wrong. It connotes a sense of...

Mitigating Circumstance

Mitigating circumstance refers to a factor that can lessen the severity of a crime, thereby reducing the punishment or sentence given to the...

Malpractice

Malpractice, a term commonly used in the legal and medical fields, refers to any sort of wrongful or negligent conduct by a person or professional...

Mistrial

A mistrial is a legal term that denotes a trial that has come to an unexpected halt before a verdict is rendered. The reasons behind a mistrial...

Mass Murder

Mass murder is a gruesome and heinous act that involves the intentional killing of four or more people in a single location or a closely connected...

Motion

A motion, a formal written application filed in court by an attorney or party to a case, is a versatile tool that can request a diverse range of...

Misdemeanor

A misdemeanor is a type of criminal offense that falls between an infraction and a felony in terms of severity. These types of crimes are generally...

Malfeasance

The term 'malfeasance' is a legal term that refers to the deliberate or intentional commission of an unlawful or wrongful act by a public official,...

M'Naghten Rule

The M'Naghten rule is a legal concept that aims to determine whether a defendant is legally insane at the time of committing a crime. This test...

Mens rea

In criminology, mens rea is a Latin term that refers to the mental state or intention of a person when committing a crime. It is often translated as...

Moot

Mootness is a legal term that describes the state of being irrelevant or impossible to resolve in a court of law. A moot point is an abstract or...

Miranda Warning

The Miranda warning, aka Miranda rights, is a legal spiel spouted by police officers in the USA to criminal suspects in custody, enlightening them on...

Objection

In legal proceedings, an objection is a formal statement or challenge made by an attorney or party to a case during a trial or hearing. The...

Opening Statement

An opening statement is a critical part of a trial, in which the prosecution or defense presents an overview of their case and the evidence they...

Order to Show Cause

An order to show cause is a legally binding command that compels a party to a case to make a court appearance and present arguments as to why a...

Overrule

The word 'overrule' is a term that frequently arises in legal proceedings, with a multifaceted meaning depending on the context in which it is used....

Opinion

Opinions are subjective statements or judgments expressed by a witness or expert in a criminal case. Witness opinions are based on their personal...

Order

Order is a term that indicates an authoritative decision made by a legal figure, such as a judge or another person of similar standing, that carries...

Omnibus Hearing

An omnibus hearing, also known as a status hearing, pretrial conference, or discovery hearing, is a legal procedure that aims to simplify and...

Prima Facie Evidence

'Prima facie evidence' is an intriguing legal term that refers to the evidence that is apparently sufficient to establish a fact or raise a...

Presumption

Presumptions in criminal cases are legal assumptions made about a certain fact or set of facts. They can either be irrebuttable, meaning they cannot...

Preliminary Hearing

The preliminary hearing is an intense and pivotal legal proceeding held before a trial that examines whether there is enough evidence to continue...

Physical Evidence

Physical evidence is a term used to refer to any tangible object that can be presented in court as proof or disproof of a fact in a criminal...

Pre-trial Conference

A pre-trial conference, a legal powwow that transpires before a criminal trial, is a forum where the key players come together to explore the case...

Probable Cause

Probable cause is a legal standard that law enforcement officials must meet before they can lawfully arrest someone, conduct a search, or obtain a...

Putative Father

The term 'putative father' is used to refer to a man who is believed to be the biological father of a child but whose paternity has not been legally...

Pardon

A pardon is a powerful act of forgiveness granted by a government authority that wipes the slate clean for a person who has committed a crime,...

Protective Custody

Officials are granted the legal power of protective custody, which allows them to detain and confine individuals in order to ensure their safety or...

Plain View

Plain view is a legal principle that enables law enforcement officers to seize evidence and contraband without a warrant when they are visible to the...

Plaintiff

The plaintiff, in the labyrinthine world of law, is the entity that sets the wheels of justice in motion by bringing a lawsuit against another party...

Public Defender

Public defenders are a group of legal professionals whose primary task is to represent defendants who cannot afford private attorneys. They are...

Prosecutor

The prosecutor is an individual trained in law who acts as the government's representative in criminal proceedings. This legal professional is...

Plea Bargaining

Plea bargaining is an intricate legal process that involves the negotiation of criminal charges between the defendant's attorney and the...

Plea

Entering a plea is a crucial aspect of any criminal case, where the defendant responds to the charges brought against them in court. The plea can...

Preponderance of Evidence

The term 'preponderance of evidence' may sound like a mouthful, but it's actually a pretty straightforward legal concept. In a civil case, it's the...

Quid pro Quo

Quid pro quo is a term used to describe a situation in which one party provides goods, services, or other benefits in exchange for something of...

Rest

When one is engaged in a legal dispute, the term 'rest' can have a significant meaning. It signifies the moment when a party in a trial or hearing...

Rules of Evidence

The rules of evidence are a complex and multifaceted set of guidelines and principles that dictate the admissibility and use of evidence in legal...

Regulatory Offenses

Regulatory offenses, in the field of criminology, are a category of non-criminal violations that pertain to breaches of specific laws, regulations,...

Record

The term 'record' in the context of criminal cases refers to a collection of various pieces of evidence, documentation, and other relevant...

Retributive

In criminology, 'retributive' pertains to a philosophy of justice and punishment that focuses on the concept of retribution, or the idea that...

Recess

Recess, the temporary cessation of legal proceedings or trial, is a much-needed and sometimes unpredictable break that occurs during legal...

Re-direct Examination

In the criminal justice system, there is a crucial stage of questioning known as re-direct examination. This is when the prosecution gets the chance...

Retribution

In criminology, retribution is a fundamental concept in the philosophy of punishment that emphasizes the notion of just deserts. It is the idea that...

Res Gestae

Res gestae is a term originating from Latin, which signifies 'things done.' In the legal field, particularly in criminology, it is used to describe...

Rebuttal

Rebuttal is the presentation of evidence or arguments by one party to challenge the evidence or arguments presented by the opposing party during a...

Robbery

Robbery, an egregious criminal offense, involves an individual using force, threat, or intimidation to take or attempt to take property from another...

Reparation

Reparation, in the field of criminology, refers to a process or approach that seeks to address the harm caused by criminal behavior by focusing on...

Release on Recognizance

'Release on recognizance' (ROR), or 'own recognizance' (OR), is a legal maneuver that allows a defendant to be set free from detention without any...

Reliability

In the field of criminology, reliability refers to the consistency, stability, and dependability of research methods and findings. It is a critical...

Raw Data

In the field of criminology, raw data refers to unprocessed, unanalyzed, and unmodified information collected during research or data collection...

Representation

Representation, in the context of criminology, refers to the portrayal and depiction of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system in various...

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation, within the context of criminology, is an approach to the treatment and reformation of individuals who have engaged in criminal...

Reasonable Suspicion

The term 'reasonable suspicion' is a legal standard used by police officers to justify stopping and questioning an individual. This standard is...

Redirect Questioning

In the legal realm, redirect questioning is a crucial part of cross-examination. Once the opposing counsel finishes their questioning, the attorney...

Reasonable Doubt

The legal principle of burden of proof dictates that in a criminal trial, it is up to the prosecution to provide evidence beyond a reasonable doubt...

Recross

Recross refers to the complex and challenging third stage of questioning that can occur during cross-examination. In this stage, the attorney who...

Summons

Summonses are a legal instrument used in criminology to order an individual to appear in court or face legal consequences. In criminal cases, the...

Self-actualization

In the world of criminology, self-actualization refers to a concept deeply rooted in understanding human behavior and personal development. Coined by...

Spatial Criminology

Spatial criminology is a specialized subfield within criminology that focuses on the spatial dimensions of crime and criminal behavior. It involves...

Sentencing

The act of sentencing denotes the judicial process of imposing a penalty or punishment on an individual who has been found guilty of a criminal...

Street Crime

Street crime, within the field of criminology, is the term used to describe a category of criminal activities that unfold in public spaces. These...

Scientific Racism

Scientific racism is a term used within the field of criminology to describe a discredited and harmful approach that seeks to justify racial...

Symbiotic Relationship

In the context of criminology, a 'symbiotic relationship' represents a dynamic and often intricate connection between various elements or entities...

Subrogation

Subrogation is a legal term in criminology that grants an individual or an organization the ability to step into the shoes of another party and...

Subpoena

In the field of criminology, a subpoena is a legal instrument that commands an individual to either appear in court or provide evidence for a trial...

Secondary Definers

Secondary definers are individuals or groups that influence the perception and understanding of criminal behavior and social norms within a given...

Suppression Hearing

In criminology, a suppression hearing is a legal proceeding in which a judge determines whether certain evidence should be excluded from a criminal...

Sentence

Sentence refers to the punishment or penalty that is imposed on an individual who has been found guilty of committing a crime. The sentence is...

Summary Judgment

Summary judgment is a legal term that can be a game-changer in civil cases. This process allows the court to make a decision without having to go...

Social Formation

In criminology, social formation refers to the complex and dynamic structure of a society or community, encompassing its economic, political,...

Subpoena duces tecum

In criminology, a subpoena duces tecum is a legal document that orders a person to produce documents, records, or other physical evidence for a trial...

Species Justice

Species justice is a concept within the field of criminology that underscores the need for fairness, equity, and ethical treatment in the...

Search & Seizure

The intricate and multifaceted legal concept of 'search & seizure' is a crucial component of criminal investigations that allows law enforcement...

Summary Judgment

Summary judgment in criminology is a legal tactic that can be used to terminate a criminal case without going to trial. It allows a judge to rule on...

Stipulation

In criminology, a stipulation is a legal agreement between the prosecution and defense in a criminal case. The stipulation sets out the facts of...

Suite Crime

Suite crime, also known as white-collar crime, is a term in criminology that refers to non-violent, financially motivated criminal activities...

Social Structures

Social structures, within the field of criminology, refer to the overarching, organized patterns and arrangements of social relationships,...

Stereotype

In the realm of criminology, a stereotype refers to a generalized and often oversimplified belief or perception about a particular group of people...

Structural Marxism

In the field of criminology, Structural Marxism is a theoretical framework that offers a socio-economic perspective on the causes of crime and...

Survey

In the field of criminology, surveys are a valuable research method used to gather systematic and structured information about various aspects of...

Speciesism

Speciesism is a concept that draws attention to discriminatory practices and biases based on species membership. It asserts that society often...

Simplification

In criminology, simplification refers to the process of reducing complex theories, concepts, or data into more accessible, understandable, and...

Spatial Patterns

Spatial patterns, within the field of criminology, refer to the geographical distribution and arrangement of criminal activities, incidents, or...

State-organized Crime

State-organized crime, within the field of criminology, refers to illicit activities that are orchestrated, facilitated, or directly carried out by...

Subculture

In criminology, a subculture refers to a distinct group or community within a larger society that exhibits unique values, beliefs, norms, and...

Statute of Limitation

The statute of limitations in criminology refers to the time limit within which a criminal prosecution must be initiated after a crime has been...

Sequestration of Witnesses

Sequestration of witnesses in the field of criminology is a complex and controversial practice, characterized by the exclusion of witnesses from the...

Testimony

Testimony in criminology refers to the statements given by witnesses, victims, or other parties involved in a criminal case, either orally or in...

Temperament

In the realm of criminology and psychology, 'temperament' refers to an individual's innate and enduring patterns of behavior, emotion, and reactivity...

The Carceral

Within the realm of criminology and sociology, 'the carceral' signifies a multifaceted and thought-provoking concept that delves into the various...

Trauma

In psychology and criminology, the term 'trauma' means the profound and often enduring psychological and emotional effects experienced by individuals...

Temporal Patterns

In the realm of criminology and criminal justice, 'temporal patterns' refer to the intricate and often revealing variations in the timing and...

The Unfinished

In criminology, 'the unfinished' is an evocative term that alludes to the ongoing and complex nature of the field's inquiries, theories, and quests...

Transgenic Organism

Within the field of genetics and biotechnology, a 'transgenic organism' represents a fascinating and intricately engineered creation. It is an...

Victimization

In the context of criminology, victimization refers to the process by which an individual or group suffers harm, loss, or negative consequences as a...

Writ

In the field of criminology, a writ refers to a formal order from a court or other judicial body that directs a person or entity to perform a...

White-collar Crime

White-collar crime is a term within criminology that refers to non-violent, financially motivated offenses typically committed by individuals or...

Zemiology

Zemiology, a term rooted in the realm of criminology, means the study of social harm and the structural factors that contribute to it. Unlike...