An allele is a term used in the field of genetics and biochemistry to describe alternative forms of a gene that occupy a specific position, or locus,...
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate, commonly known as ADP, is a crucial molecule in biochemistry that plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism.
ADP...
Acid
An acid is defined as a chemical species with the ability to release or donate a proton, which is essentially a hydrogen ion (H+). This proton...
Adsorption
Adsorption, in the realm of biochemistry, refers to the adhesion of one substance to another at a surface, driven by electrostatic or ionic...
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA, a central molecule in cellular metabolism, holds pivotal roles in both biosynthetic and degradative pathways, underscoring its...
Acrolein
Acrolein, within the realm of biochemistry, is a metabolite that holds particular significance in the context of certain lactic acid bacteria...
Acylate
To acylate, within biochemistry, refers to the process of introducing an acyl group into a molecule. This chemical modification can occur through...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis, a meticulously regulated and orchestrated process of programmed cell death, stands as a fundamental mechanism in the biology of...
Amino acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the fundamental building blocks of proteins. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and...
Amino Transferases
Amino transferases, within the realm of biochemistry, represent a class of enzymes endowed with the remarkable capability of transferring amino...
Absorbance
Absorbance, a fundamental concept in biochemistry, elucidates the interaction between molecules and light, offering a powerful tool for the detection...
Albumen
Albumen, in the realm of biochemistry, serves as a protein fining agent commonly derived from egg whites. It has found extensive use in various...
Active Dry Yeast
Active dry yeast, within the realm of biochemistry and fermentation processes, refers to a specific form of commercial yeast preparation.
Yeast is...
Acetic Acid
Acetic acid, a simple carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3COOH, holds significant relevance in the landscape of biochemistry and...
Amide
In biochemistry, an amide is characterized as an amine-containing derivative of a carboxylic acid. This functional group, represented as -CONH2,...
Amelioration
Amelioration, within the context of wine production, denotes a crucial process aimed at enhancing the quality of must or juice derived from...
Absorption
Absorption, in the context of biochemistry, encompasses a fundamental process wherein one substance assimilates or incorporates another.
This...
Activated Carbon
Activated carbon, within the context of winemaking and biochemistry, serves as a fining agent with the primary objective of removing specific...
Albumin
Albumin, within the realm of biochemistry, represents a general class of water-soluble proteins that play pivotal roles in various physiological...
Amphipathic
The term 'amphipathic' in biochemistry refers to a molecular or compound structure that exhibits both hydrophobic and highly polar (hydrophilic)...
Aglycone
The term 'aglycone' refers to the non-glycosidic or non-carbohydrate component of a glycoconjugate. In biochemistry, glycoconjugates are molecules...
AMP
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a significant molecule in biochemistry, representing the monophosphate ester of adenosine.
Adenosine is a...
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde is a metabolite that holds a significant place in biochemistry, as it is encountered in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
Accuracy
Accuracy, in the realm of biochemistry, represents a critical aspect of measurement reliability and precision. It is defined by the degree of...
Alanine
Alanine, in biochemistry, emerges as a fundamental and indispensable amino acid, serving essential roles in the structure, function, and metabolism...
Acetoin
Acetoin, chemically known as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, is a metabolite with relevance in the context of microbial metabolism, particularly associated...
Aeration-Oxidation
Aeration-Oxidation (AO) is a specific procedure employed in the analysis of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in solution. This method utilizes either air or an...
Aldehyde
An aldehyde, within biochemistry, stands as a distinctive class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached...
Amines
Amines, in the context of biochemistry, represent a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more amino...
Aeration
In the context of biochemistry, aeration refers to the process of exposing a substance, typically a liquid or a solution, to air or oxygen.
This...
Acetate
Acetate, a metabolite found ubiquitously in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, represents a key player in cellular biochemistry.
Its presence...
Acidification
Acidification, within the realm of biochemistry and particularly in the context of processes like winemaking, refers to the deliberate act of...
Antibodies
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, represent a crucial component of the immune system, playing a central role in the body's defense against...
Acidity
In biochemistry, acidity is a generic term that encapsulates the acid content of a solution, reflecting its capacity to donate protons.
This...
Ammonia
Ammonia, in the realm of biochemistry, is a molecule of significant importance due to its role in nitrogen metabolism and various cellular...
AFLP
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular biology technique that shares similarities with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism...
Anabolism
Anabolism, within the context of biochemistry, serves as a fundamental concept that defines a set of biochemical processes characterized by synthetic...
Acyl
Acyl, within the realm of biochemistry, is a fundamental term describing a specific organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbon atom...
Allosteric
The term 'allosteric' in the context of biochemistry refers to a regulatory phenomenon that exerts control over the activity of proteins,...
Amylase
Amylase is a critical enzyme within the realm of biochemistry, belonging to a group of enzymes that play a pivotal role in the hydrolysis of starch,...
Acetobacter
Acetobacter, a bacterium belonging to the acetic acid bacteria group, holds significance in both industrial processes and the context of spoilage in...
Alcohol
Within biochemistry, the term 'alcohol' serves as a comprehensive descriptor for a wide array of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a...
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics represents an interdisciplinary field that melds biology, computer science, and information technology to extract meaningful insights...
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a highly regulated and orchestrated series of events that cells undergo to replicate and divide.
It is a fundamental process in...
Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a fundamental biochemical pathway in cellular...
Chromatography
Chromatography is a powerful and versatile separation technique widely employed in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. The primary objective of...
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is a crucial component of the vertebrate brain, situated at the rear of the brainstem, primarily beneath the cerebral hemispheres....
Continuous Model
A continuous model in biochemistry refers to a mathematical representation that describes a biochemical reaction as an ongoing, continuous process...
Chromosome
Chromosomes are intricate structures within the cell that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells,...
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a dynamic and intricate cellular framework that plays a fundamental role in maintaining the shape and structural integrity of...
Chaperone
Chaperones in biochemistry refer to a class of proteins that play a vital role in assisting the proper folding of newly synthesized or misfolded...
Differentiation
Differentiation, in the realm of biochemistry and developmental biology, is a profound and intricate process that unfolds during embryonic...
Emergent properties
Emergent properties in biochemistry encapsulate the idea that the characteristics of a complex biological system are not simply the sum of the...
Endophenotype
Endophenotypes are hereditary characteristics that are typically associated with certain conditions or disorders but are not direct symptoms of the...
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells represent a sophisticated and structurally complex category of cells, distinguished by the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus and...
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis stands as a fundamental and widely used technique in biochemistry, providing a method for the separation of biomolecules based on...
Epistasis
Epistasis, in the field of biochemistry and genetics, refers to a phenomenon where the effect of one gene masks or modifies the effect of another...
Flux
In biochemistry, flux refers to the quantity or amount of a substance that flows through a specific unit area within a biological system per unit of...
Fatty acid
Fatty acids are essential components of lipids, which are a diverse group of molecules that play crucial roles in cellular structure, energy storage,...
Feedback loops
Feedback loops represent crucial regulatory mechanisms in biochemistry, orchestrating the balance and control of various physiological processes...
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a fundamental process in biochemistry that involves the conversion of genetic information encoded in DNA into functional...
Genome
The genome is a fundamental concept in biochemistry that encapsulates the entirety of an organism's genetic material, encompassing the full set of...
Genomics
Genomics is a multidisciplinary field of study within biochemistry that focuses on the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of genomes, the...
Genotype
Genotype is a fundamental concept in biochemistry that refers to the genetic makeup or the collection of genes carried by an individual or an...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a central and highly conserved biochemical pathway that serves as the initial stage of glucose metabolism in living cells. This...
Haplotype
A haplotype is a concept in biochemistry and genetics that refers to a specific combination of alleles located on a single chromosome. It represents...
Huntington's Disease
Huntington's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the genetically programmed degeneration of nerve cells,...
Hexokinase
Hexokinase is a crucial enzyme in biochemistry, playing a pivotal role in cellular metabolism by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose.
This...
Ischemia
Ischemia is a term in biochemistry and medicine that refers to a condition characterized by an inadequate blood supply to a particular organ or...
Interaction Proteomics
Interaction proteomics is a specialized field within biochemistry that employs proteomic techniques to elucidate and characterize the interactions...
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that share the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei but differ in the number of neutrons....
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is a complex physiological condition that occurs when the normal amounts of insulin produced by the pancreas are insufficient to...
Irreducible System
An irreducible system, in the context of biochemistry, refers to a complex system whose understanding cannot be fully achieved by studying its...
Isoelectric Point
The isoelectric point (pI) is a fundamental concept in biochemistry that characterizes the pH at which a particular molecule, typically a protein,...
Kinetic Properties
Kinetic properties in biochemistry refer to the characteristics of chemical reactions or enzymes that dictate the rate at which a reaction...
Kinase
A kinase is a specialized enzyme that plays a fundamental role in cellular signaling and regulation by facilitating the transfer of phosphate groups...
Locus/Loci
In genetics, a locus (plural: loci) refers to a specific position or location on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is...
Linkage Disequilibrium
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a concept in genetics and biochemistry that describes the non-random association or correlation between alleles at...
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation is a biochemical process that involves the oxidative degradation of lipids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, by reactive...
Multiscale Model
A multiscale model in biochemistry refers to a computational or theoretical framework that integrates information and phenomena across multiple...
Metabolites
Metabolites are small molecules that participate in and result from the chemical reactions that occur within living organisms as part of their...
Metabolism
Metabolism is a fundamental concept in biochemistry that encompasses the entirety of biochemical processes within living organisms, essential for...
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are essential and dynamic organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms, playing a central role in cellular...
Metabolic Flux
Metabolic flux is a concept in biochemistry that describes the rate at which molecules flow through a metabolic pathway or network within a cell. It...
Macromolecule
In biochemistry, the term 'macromolecule' refers to large, complex molecules that are typically composed of smaller subunits called...
Microsomes
Microsomes are subcellular structures that play a crucial role in cellular processes, particularly in the context of eukaryotic cells.
These...
Microarray
A microarray is a powerful tool in biochemistry and molecular biology that enables the simultaneous analysis of the expression levels of thousands of...
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique in biochemistry used to identify and characterize proteins within a complex mixture. It...
Metabolome
The metabolome is a comprehensive and dynamic collection of all the metabolites present in a biological system, encompassing the entirety of small...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a crucial molecule in the flow of genetic information within cells, serving as an intermediary between the DNA, which carries...
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids are fundamental biomolecules that play a central role in the storage and transmission of genetic information in living...
Neocortex
The neocortex is a prominent and evolutionarily advanced region of the brain, found in mammals, that plays a pivotal role in various cognitive...
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are essential building blocks of nucleic acids, the macromolecules that carry and transmit genetic information in living...
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is a captivating biological phenomenon that refers to the generation of new neurons, or nerve cells, in the adult brain.
For many...
Oxidation
Oxidation is a fundamental biochemical process that involves the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion.
This term is central to...
Proteome
The term 'proteome' encloses a comprehensive and dynamic concept in the field of biochemistry, referring to the entirety of all proteins present...
Peptide
Peptides are fundamental molecules in biochemistry, representing short chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Amino acids are the...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt, is a crucial metabolic pathway that operates parallel to...
Proteomics
Proteomics, as a field within biochemistry, represents a comprehensive and systematic endeavor aimed at unraveling the structure, functions,...
Proliferation
Proliferation, in the context of biochemistry and cellular biology, refers to the dynamic and essential process of cellular growth and the increase...
Posttranslational Modifications
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent a crucial layer of regulation in the intricate world of cellular biochemistry. These modifications...
Plasma
Plasma, in the context of biochemistry, refers to the liquid component of blood that remains after blood cells have been removed.
It constitutes...
Polymorphism
Polymorphism, in the context of biochemistry and genetics, refers to the existence of multiple forms or variants of a gene or a genetic sequence...
Phenotype
The phenotype is a critical concept in biochemistry and genetics, representing the observable and measurable characteristics or traits of an...
Quasi-Stationary
The term 'quasi-stationary' in the context of biochemistry refers to a state or condition that is characterized by minimal, if any, significant...
Stoichiometric
In the context of biochemistry, the term 'stoichiometric' pertains to the quantitative relationship between the various substances involved in a...
Synapse
In the intricate landscape of biochemistry, the synapse stands as an important player in the transmission of nerve signals within the nervous...
Stochastic
In biochemistry, the term 'stochastic' is employed to describe processes that are inherently random and unpredictable. A stochastic system is...
Shotgun Proteomics
Shotgun proteomics is a powerful and comprehensive approach within the field of biochemistry, specifically in the realm of proteomics.
This...
Synaptogenesis
Synaptogenesis is a critical and intricate process within the realm of biochemistry, marking the formation of synapses between neurons during the...
Translation
Translation, a fundamental biochemical process, constitutes the intricate synthesis of proteins within a cell. It unfolds as the next phase in the...
Transcription
Transcription is a fundamental biochemical process that plays a central role in the flow of genetic information within living cells.
It represents...
Triglycerides
Triglycerides, a predominant and vital class of lipids, serve as a fundamental component in the storage and utilization of energy within the...
Thiamine
Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, occupies a crucial role in biochemistry as an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in the metabolism...
Transferrin
Transferrin, a vital protein circulating in the blood, plays a pivotal role in the transportation and delivery of iron to cells throughout the...
Transcription Factor
Transcription factors stand as key orchestrators in the complex symphony of gene expression, serving as proteins that regulate the intricate dance of...
Transcriptome
The transcriptome contains the dynamic and expansive collection of all transcription products within a cell, tissue, or organism, providing a...
Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics stands as a cornerstone in the realm of biochemistry, representing the expansive study of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels...
