Philosophy Dictionary

A fortiori, meaning "with stronger reason," is a type of deductive argument in philosophy where if a...

A posteriori knowledge, in philosophy, refers to knowledge that is justified by experience or empiri...

A priori knowledge, in philosophy, refers to knowledge that is justified independently of experience...

Abstraction in philosophy refers to the process of forming general concepts by selectively disregard...

Absurdism, in philosophy, is the belief that the search for meaning in the universe is inherently fu...

Act utilitarianism assesses the morality of each individual action based on whether it maximizes ove...

Aesthetics, in philosophy, is the branch concerned with the nature of beauty, art, taste, and aesthe...

Akrasia, often translated as weakness of will or incontinence, describes the state of acting against...

Aletheia, in philosophy, particularly within Heidegger's interpretation of ancient Greek thought, re...

Alienated labor, in philosophy, particularly within Marxist theory, describes the estrangement or se...

Alternative facts," in philosophy, refers to statements presented as factual that contradict establi...

In philosophy, altruism refers to actions or behaviors motivated by a genuine concern for the well-b...

An analytic proposition is a statement whose truth is knowable solely by analyzing the meaning of th...

The analytic tradition in philosophy emphasizes clarity, logical rigor, and precision in argumentati...

In philosophy, animism refers to the belief that all things, including inanimate objects, places, an...

The Apollonian and Dionysian are philosophical concepts representing two distinct impulses or princi...

Aporia, in philosophy, refers to an impasse or a state of perplexity where one finds oneself unable...

Arete, in ancient Greek philosophy, signifies excellence of any kind, encompassing moral virtue, ski...

Areteology, in philosophy, is the study of virtue or excellence. It focuses on understanding and cul...

In philosophy, an argument is a connected series of statements (premises) intended to establish the...

Argumentation in philosophy refers to the process of constructing, presenting, and evaluating argume...

Art World Theory, in philosophy, primarily refers to a theory developed by Arthur Danto, arguing tha...

Ataraxia, in philosophy, refers to a state of serene calmness and freedom from disturbance. It is of...

Atman, in Hindu philosophy, refers to the individual self or soul. It's considered the true essence...

In philosophy, an attribute refers to a quality, property, characteristic, or feature that is predic...

Authenticity in philosophy refers to the degree to which one's actions, thoughts, and values align w...

Avidya, in philosophy, particularly within Indian traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, r...

In philosophy, an axiom is a fundamental principle or proposition that is accepted as self-evidently...

Bad faith, in existentialist philosophy, particularly as articulated by Jean-Paul Sartre, refers to...

Begging the question, in philosophy, is a type of logical fallacy where the conclusion is assumed in...

In philosophy, bias refers to a systematic deviation from rationality or objectivity in thought, jud...

A biconditional statement in philosophy asserts that two statements are logically equivalent; one st...

In Buddhist philosophy, a Bodhisattva is an individual on the path to Buddhahood who has generated B...

In philosophy, Boolean operators are logical connectives or operators used to combine or modify prop...

In Indian philosophy, particularly within Vedanta, 'Brahmin' often refers not merely to a social cla...

The "brain in a vat" thought experiment explores the possibility that our experiences are not reflec...

In philosophy, 'Buddha' refers not only to Siddhartha Gautama, the historical founder of Buddhism, b...

Bundle theory, in philosophy, primarily concerns the nature of objects and their identity. It posits...

In philosophy, the burden of proof refers to the obligation one party has to provide sufficient evid...

The Capabilities Approach, in philosophy, is a normative framework for evaluating well-being and soc...

Capitalism, in philosophy, refers to a socio-economic system characterized by private ownership of t...

The Cartesian Circle is a criticism leveled against René Descartes' attempt to prove the existence o...

The Categorical Imperative, a cornerstone of Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy, is a universal mora...

Categorical logic, in philosophy, is a system of logic that deals primarily with categorical proposi...

A categorical proposition is a statement that asserts or denies a relationship between two categorie...

The Chinese Room argument is a thought experiment proposed by philosopher John Searle to challenge t...

A circular fallacy, also known as begging the question, is a logical fallacy where the conclusion is...

Civil Commons Theory, within philosophy, examines shared resources and practices vital for a just an...

Cognitive dissonance, in philosophy, refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding confli...

The coherence theory of truth holds that a belief or statement is true if and only if it coheres wit...

In philosophy, colonialism refers to the intellectual and ethical justifications, analyses, and crit...

Commodity fetishism, in philosophy, describes the perception of social relationships as inherent eco...

In philosophy, communism refers to a socio-economic ideology advocating for a classless society wher...

In philosophy, a conclusion is the proposition that is affirmed on the basis of other propositions (...

In philosophy, a conditional statement asserts that if one proposition (the antecedent) is true, the...

Confirmation bias in philosophy refers to the tendency to favor information that confirms existing b...

In philosophy, a conflict of interest arises when an individual's personal interests, biases, or com...

In philosophy, a conjecture is a proposition or idea put forward as a potential explanation or inter...

In philosophy, a conjunction is a compound statement formed by joining two statements with the word...

Philosophical conservatism emphasizes the importance of tradition, established institutions, and gra...

In philosophy, a conspiracy theory refers to an explanatory hypothesis that attributes a significant...

The "Continental Tradition" in philosophy refers to a broad set of philosophical traditions originat...

Contradictions of Capitalism" in philosophy refers to inherent tensions and self-undermining tendenc...

Contradictories are statements that cannot both be true and cannot both be false; one must be true,...

In philosophy, contraries refer to two propositions or terms that cannot both be true, but can both...

Conversational implicature, in philosophy of language, refers to what is suggested or implied by a s...

In philosophy, a covenant typically refers to a solemn agreement or contract, often involving mutual...

Cow in the Field" is a thought experiment, primarily used in epistemology, that illustrates the prob...

Critical Theory, in philosophy, refers to a reflective assessment and critique of society and cultur...

In philosophy, critique refers to a systematic and reasoned assessment of concepts, theories, argume...

Cultural relativism, in philosophy, is the principle that an individual person's beliefs and activit...

Culture jamming, in philosophy, refers to a form of activism that subverts and reappropriates mainst...

Dasein, a German word literally meaning "being there," is a central concept in Martin Heidegger's ph...

In philosophy, De Morgan’s Theorems, borrowed from Boolean algebra and logic, describe relationships...

Deduction in philosophy refers to a type of logical argument where the conclusion necessarily follow...

Deep ecology is a philosophical framework that emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living being...

A deepity is a statement that appears to be profound but actually contains two possible interpretati...

Deism, in philosophy, is the belief in a God who created the universe but does not intervene in its...

Deontology is a moral theory that evaluates actions based on adherence to rules or duties, rather th...

The Design Argument, also known as the teleological argument, posits that the complexity and apparen...

Dharma, in philosophy, refers to the principle of order that sustains the universe and the specific...

Dialectic, in philosophy, refers to a method of argumentation for resolving disagreement. It involve...

The 'Dialectic of the Absolute' refers to the process by which the Absolute Idea, in Hegelian philos...

The Difference Principle, a core component of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, dictates t...

'Digital Darkness, The' in philosophy refers to the potential for technology to obscure truth, erode...

The DIKW model, in philosophy, represents a hierarchical progression from Data to Information, Knowl...

In philosophy, a dilemma presents a situation where an agent faces two or more options, each of whic...

Discourse ethics, primarily developed by Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel, proposes that moral nor...

In philosophy, disinformation refers to intentionally false or misleading information disseminated w...

In philosophy, disjunction refers to a compound statement formed by joining two statements with the...

Distributive justice, in philosophy, concerns the perceived fairness of the allocation of resources...

The Doctrine of Dependent Origination, also known as *Pratītyasamutpāda*, is a central concept in Bu...

The Doctrine of No-Soul, or Anatta (Pali) / Anatman (Sanskrit), is a core concept in Buddhism assert...

In philosophy, the Doctrine of Original Sin is not necessarily a literal belief in a historical even...

The Doctrine of the Four Causes, originating with Aristotle, is a philosophical framework that expla...

The Doctrine of the Mean, primarily associated with Aristotelian ethics, posits that virtue lies in...

The Doomsday Argument is a philosophical argument suggesting that, barring evidence to the contrary,...

Doubt, in philosophy, is a state of mind characterized by uncertainty or a lack of conviction regard...

In philosophy, the Dunning-Kruger effect highlights a cognitive bias where individuals with low comp...

In philosophy, an echo chamber refers to an environment where individuals primarily encounter inform...

Eco-modernism, within philosophy, represents a perspective that advocates for using technology and m...

Ecofeminism, in philosophy, analyzes the interconnectedness of the oppression of women and the degra...

The Eightfold Path, in Buddhist philosophy, represents the core teachings of how to end suffering an...

Emergent properties in philosophy refer to characteristics or behaviors that arise in complex system...

Empiricism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the role of sensory experience and observation...

The Enlightenment, in philosophy, refers to an intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th centur...

In philosophy, an enthymeme is a type of argument where one or more premises or the conclusion is le...

Epiphenomenalism is the view that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain, but ment...

Epistemic bubbles, in philosophy, refer to social structures where individuals are primarily exposed...

Epistemic values are the values that guide and shape our pursuit of knowledge. They are the standard...

Epistemology, in philosophy, is the branch concerned with the theory of knowledge. It investigates t...

Epoché, in philosophy, refers to the suspension of judgment regarding the truth or falsity of a prop...

Equivocation, in philosophy, refers to the use of a word or phrase in different senses within the sa...

In philosophy, essence refers to the intrinsic nature or fundamental property of a thing that makes...

Estranged Labour, also known as alienated labour, is a concept developed by Karl Marx to describe th...

Ethics, in philosophy, is the branch of study concerned with principles governing right and wrong co...

Ethics of care is a normative ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of relationships, empath...

Eudaimonia, often translated as "flourishing" or "living well," is a central concept in ancient Gree...

The Euthyphro Problem, originating in Plato's dialogue *Euthyphro*, poses a fundamental question abo...

Existence precedes essence" is a core tenet of existentialism, asserting that a person's existence c...

Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individual freedom, responsibility, and subje...

In philosophy, "extraordinary claims" refer to assertions that contradict well-established knowledge...

In philosophy, faith generally refers to a belief in something without sufficient evidence or proof,...

In philosophy, "fake news" isn't just about factual inaccuracies, but also concerns the broader eros...

In philosophy, a fallacy refers to a flaw in reasoning that renders an argument invalid or unsound....

Falsification, in philosophy, particularly the philosophy of science, is the principle that a statem...

In philosophy, Fascism represents a complex and contested political ideology that emphasizes the pri...

Feminist philosophy critically examines philosophical concepts, theories, and methodologies from a f...

Fictitious capital, in philosophical discussions stemming from Marxist thought, refers to claims on...

Filial piety, in philosophy, particularly within Confucianism, refers to the virtue of respect, obed...

The Fine-Tuning Argument posits that the fundamental constants and physical laws of the universe are...

First Philosophy, traditionally, refers to the foundational area of philosophical inquiry concerned...

In the philosophy of religion, the Five Pillars of Islam are understood not merely as ritualistic ob...

The Five Relations, also known as the Five Bonds, are a core concept in Confucianism outlining hiera...

The Five Skandhas, or aggregates, are a foundational concept in Buddhist philosophy describing the f...

Flouting a maxim, in the context of philosophy, particularly pragmatics, refers to a speaker intenti...

Platonic Forms, also known as Forms or Ideas, are abstract, perfect, and unchanging concepts that ex...

Formal logic, within philosophy, is the study of reasoning using abstract, symbolic languages and de...

The Four Noble Truths are a foundational doctrine in Buddhist philosophy, outlining the nature of su...

Framing language, in philosophy, refers to the deliberate or unconscious use of specific words, phra...

In philosophy, game theory is the application of mathematical models to analyze strategic interactio...

Gender essentialism, in philosophy, is the belief that men and women possess inherent, immutable dif...

Godwin's Law, in the context of philosophy, is an internet adage asserting that as an online discuss...

The Golden Rule, in philosophy, is an ethical principle stating that one should treat others as one...

In philosophy, the Gordian Knot represents a complex and seemingly unsolvable problem, often used as...

The Grue Paradox, introduced by Nelson Goodman, challenges traditional inductive reasoning by highli...

Habits of Thinking in philosophy refer to the ingrained patterns and predispositions that shape how...

The Hard Problem of Consciousness, as defined in philosophy, refers to the difficulty of explaining...

Hierophany, in philosophy, refers to the manifestation of the sacred or holy in the profane world. I...

Hermeneutics, in philosophy, is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpr...

In philosophy, human rights are understood as fundamental moral rights inherent to all individuals b...

Humanism, in philosophy, emphasizes the inherent worth and potential of human beings, placing centra...

In philosophy, "Humanity" refers to the collective of all human beings, encompassing their shared ch...

Hyperreality, in philosophy, particularly as developed by Jean Baudrillard, describes the inability...

Hyperobjects, in philosophy, particularly within object-oriented ontology and speculative realism, r...

In philosophy, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation or proposition about the nature of reality, k...

Philosophical idealism asserts that reality is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherw...

In philosophy, ideology refers to a system of ideas, beliefs, and values that shapes our understandi...

Implicature, in philosophy of language, refers to what is suggested or implied by an utterance, even...

Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems, in the philosophical context, demonstrate inherent limitations in f...

Indicator words in philosophy are specific terms or phrases that signal the presence of an argument,...

The Indispensability Argument, in philosophy, primarily concerns the justification for ontological c...

Individualism, in philosophy, emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. It promotes the exercise...

Induction in philosophy refers to a method of reasoning that moves from specific observations or ins...

Inference, in philosophy, is the process of drawing conclusions or making logical judgments based on...

Informal logic is a branch of logic that aims to develop methods and tools for analyzing, evaluating...

In philosophy, 'information' is understood not merely as data or facts, but as structured and meanin...

Information literacy in philosophy refers to the ability to effectively locate, evaluate, and use in...

Information theory, in philosophy, explores the nature of information, its measurement, and its role...

Instrumental values, in philosophy, are values that are useful or effective for achieving some other...

Instrumentally good refers to something valuable because it is a means to achieving something else t...

In philosophy, an intellectual environment refers to the prevailing atmosphere of ideas, beliefs, an...

Intentionality, in philosophy, refers to the power of minds to be about, to represent, or to stand f...

Intrinsic good refers to something that is valuable or desirable in and of itself, not merely as a m...

Intrinsically valuable things are valuable in and of themselves, not because they lead to something...

The "Invisible Hand," in philosophy, refers to the unintended social benefits that arise from indivi...

In philosophical discourse, Jahiliyya refers to the pre-Islamic era in Arabia, often characterized b...

In philosophy, "Jihad" transcends its common association with warfare, representing instead a multif...

Jouissance, in philosophy, particularly within psychoanalytic theory, refers to a paradoxical and of...

Justice, in philosophy, refers to the concept of moral rightness in action and attitude, concerning...

Karma, in philosophy, particularly within Indian traditions, refers to the principle of cause and ef...

In philosophy, knowledge is typically defined as justified true belief, although this definition is...

In philosophy, a koan is a paradoxical anecdote or riddle, often used in Zen Buddhism, that defies l...

The Koranic Challenge, or *I'jaz al-Qur'an*, is a central concept in Islamic theology and philosophy...

The term "language game," coined by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, refers to the idea that languag...

In philosophy, a lemma is a proposition or statement that is accepted as true for the purpose of pro...

Liberal feminism, within philosophy, emphasizes individual rights and equality between men and women...

In philosophy, liberalism is a political and moral philosophy centered on individual rights, liberti...

Libertarianism, in philosophy, is a family of political philosophies that uphold liberty as a core p...

Liberty, in philosophy, refers to the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by au...

Limit situations, in philosophy, refer to fundamental and unavoidable experiences inherent to human...

The Lockean Proviso, stemming from John Locke's *Second Treatise of Government*, concerns the legiti...

In philosophy, logic is the study of reasoning and argumentation, focusing on the principles that di...

Logical Positivism, a prominent philosophical movement of the early 20th century, asserted that only...

In philosophy, Logos refers to a principle of order and knowledge, often associated with reason, log...

The Mandate of Heaven, a core concept in Chinese philosophy, posits that rulers are granted the righ...

Marxism in philosophy refers to a critical analysis of society and history based on the materialist...

Mary's Room is a thought experiment in philosophy, primarily concerning the knowledge argument again...

In philosophy, mercantilism is not solely an economic doctrine, but a worldview that significantly s...

Mere repetition bias, in philosophy, refers to the tendency to perceive statements as more truthful...

In philosophy, a metanarrative, also known as a grand narrative or master narrative, is a global and...

Metaphysics is a core branch of philosophy concerned with the fundamental nature of reality, explori...

Methodological doubt, also known as Cartesian doubt, is a systematic process of doubting the truth o...

In philosophical contexts, Midrash refers to a hermeneutical approach to sacred texts, particularly...

In philosophy, "Mitzvah" extends beyond its religious definition to represent a moral imperative or...

Modernism in philosophy refers to a broad intellectual and cultural movement that sought to break aw...

Modus Ponens, also known as affirming the antecedent, is a fundamental rule of inference in proposit...

Modus Tollens is a valid argument form in propositional logic that allows one to infer the negation...

Moksha, in Indian philosophy, signifies liberation or release from the cycle of death and rebirth (s...

Moral luck describes situations where an agent is morally assessed for an outcome or circumstance th...

A moral statement, in philosophy, is a declaration that expresses a belief, value judgment, or opini...

In philosophy, 'narrative' refers to the structured recounting of events, experiences, or ideas that...

Narrative identity, in philosophy, refers to the idea that individuals construct a sense of self thr...

The naturalistic fallacy, in philosophy, is the error of arguing that because something *is* a certa...

A necessary condition is a condition that must be present for something else to be true or to exist....

Negation in philosophy refers to the logical operation that reverses the truth value of a propositio...

Nihilism, in philosophy, is the belief that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic...

Nirvana, in philosophy, particularly within Buddhism, signifies the ultimate state of liberation fro...

The nocebo effect, in philosophy, refers to the negative effects experienced by individuals due to t...

In philosophy, "noise" generally refers to any factor that obscures, distorts, or interferes with th...

Noumena, in Kantian philosophy, refers to things-in-themselves, existing independently of our percep...

Nous, in philosophy, refers to the faculty of the human mind that is capable of grasping fundamental...

Object-oriented Ontology (OOO) is a 21st-century philosophical movement that rejects anthropocentris...

Objectivity in philosophy refers to the state of something being true or real independently of indiv...

Ockham's Razor, in philosophy, is a principle that suggests that among competing hypotheses that pre...

The Ontological Argument for God attempts to prove God's existence through the very definition or co...

Ontology, in philosophy, is the study of being; it investigates what exists, what kinds of things ex...

The Original Position is a thought experiment developed by John Rawls in his theory of justice as fa...

In philosophy, 'Original Sin' moves beyond its theological roots to explore inherent flaws or tenden...

In philosophy, "Otherness" refers to the state of being different from and alien to oneself or a dom...

Overdetermination, in philosophy, refers to a situation where an event or phenomenon has more than o...

In philosophy, a parable is a succinct, didactic story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesso...

In philosophy, a paradigm refers to a framework of shared assumptions, values, concepts, and practic...

In philosophy, a paradigm shift signifies a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimenta...

In philosophy, a paradox is a statement or argument that appears self-contradictory, yet may contain...

The Paradox of Tolerance, in philosophy, explores the seemingly contradictory idea that unlimited to...

Pareidolia, in philosophy, refers to the psychological phenomenon of perceiving patterns or meaningf...

Parrhesia, in philosophy, particularly as explored by Michel Foucault, refers to fearless speech, sp...

Pascal's Wager, in philosophy, is an argument presented by Blaise Pascal that posits that humans sho...

In philosophy, patriarchy refers to a social system where men hold primary power and predominate in...

Perceptual intelligence, in philosophy, refers to the capacity to accurately and meaningfully interp...

Personal belief relativism, also known as subjective relativism, asserts that truth and morality are...

In philosophy, "phenomena" refers to things as they appear to us in experience, rather than as they...

Phenomenology, in philosophy, is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the fi...

A philosopher, in the context of philosophy, is an individual dedicated to exploring fundamental que...

Philosophy, in its broadest sense, is the systematic and critical study of fundamental questions con...

In philosophy, "Pickle" refers to a hypothetical scenario or thought experiment used to explore comp...

Plato's Cave is a philosophical allegory presented by Plato in his work, *The Republic*, to illustra...

Platonic Forms, also known as Forms or Ideas, are abstract, perfect, and unchanging archetypes or bl...

Poe's Law, in philosophy, refers to an internet adage asserting that without a clear indication of t...

Poisoning the well is a type of ad hominem fallacy where adverse information about a target is preem...

Polytheism, in philosophy, refers to the belief in and worship of multiple gods or deities, each oft...

Positivism, particularly Logical Positivism, is a philosophical movement that emphasizes empirical e...

In philosophy, "post-truth" signifies a condition where objective facts hold less sway in shaping pu...

In philosophy, "Posthuman" refers to a theoretical being or state of existence that transcends the l...

Postmodernism in philosophy is a broad and complex movement characterized by skepticism towards gran...

The Practical Imperative, formulated by Immanuel Kant, is a moral principle stating that one should...

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition emphasizing the practical consequences and usefulness of ide...

The Precautionary Principle, in philosophy, addresses decision-making under conditions of uncertaint...

In philosophy, a premise is a statement or proposition that is assumed to be true for the purpose of...

Prescriptivism, in philosophy, primarily refers to a meta-ethical theory that moral statements do no...

In philosophy, 'prima facie' refers to a duty, right, or reason that is accepted as correct until pr...

Prima facie duties, in philosophy, are duties that one has a moral obligation to fulfill unless a mo...

The Principle of Charity, in philosophy, is the assumption that a speaker or writer is rational and...

The Prisoner's Dilemma is a thought experiment in game theory that explores the tension between indi...

In philosophy, privilege refers to unearned advantages or benefits afforded to individuals or groups...

The 'Problem of Communication' in philosophy refers to the difficulties and complexities inherent in...

The Problem of Evil is a philosophical challenge to the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, and...

The problem of induction questions the justification of inductive reasoning, which involves drawing...

In philosophy, a proof is a rigorous argument demonstrating the truth of a statement, or proposition...

In philosophy, propaganda refers to the deliberate and systematic attempt to shape perceptions, mani...

In philosophy, a proposition is a declarative statement that is either true or false, but not both....

Propositional logic, also known as sentential logic, is a branch of logic that deals with propositio...

Qualia, in philosophy, refers to the subjective, qualitative, phenomenal experiences of consciousnes...

Queer theory, in philosophy, is a critical approach that challenges fixed notions of gender and sexu...

In philosophy, "questions" are not merely requests for information but rather structured inquiries d...

Radical feminism, within philosophy, is a perspective that identifies the root cause of social inequ...

Rationalism, in philosophy, is the epistemological view that reason is the chief source of knowledge...

Rationality in philosophy refers to the quality of being based on reason or logic, often contrasted...

Rationality in philosophy refers to the quality of being based on reason or logic, often contrasted...

The Raven Paradox, also known as Hempel's Paradox of Confirmation, is a philosophical problem that a...

Realpolitik, in philosophy, represents a pragmatic approach to political philosophy and action, prio...

In philosophy, "Reason" refers to the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing...

In philosophy, "reasonable doubt" refers to a level of uncertainty that exists despite evidence supp...

Rectification of Names, in philosophy, particularly Confucianism, refers to the proper alignment of...

In philosophy, reduction refers to the process of explaining or defining one entity, concept, theory...

Reductionism in philosophy is the belief that complex systems can be understood by breaking them dow...

In philosophy, 'reference' concerns the relationship between words, symbols, or thoughts and the thi...

Relativism, in philosophy, is the view that truth, knowledge, or morality are relative to some parti...

The Renaissance in philosophy marks a transitional period between the Middle Ages and the early mode...

In philosophy, a "Renaissance Man" refers to an individual who embodies the Renaissance ideal of uni...

In philosophy, rhetoric refers to the art of persuasive communication, focusing on the methods and t...

In philosophy, a rhetorical question is not simply a question asked for effect, but a statement disg...

Righteousness in philosophy refers to the quality of being morally right or justifiable, often consi...

Romanticism in philosophy is a complex movement that emphasized emotion, intuition, and individual e...

Rule utilitarianism is a moral philosophy that advocates for establishing and following general rule...

Russell's Paradox is a contradiction within naive set theory that demonstrates the flaw in the assum...

Russell's teapot is an analogy used to illustrate that the philosophical burden of proof lies upon a...

The "Sage Gentleman," particularly within Confucian philosophy, represents the ideal moral and intel...

In philosophy, "sample size" doesn't refer to a numerical quantity of subjects or data points as it...