Textile Term: Wool
Wool, a natural fiber that comes from the fleece of either sheep or lamb, possesses an extraordinary characteristic, making it adaptable to several textile applications, including apparel, blankets, carpets, and upholstery.
Such fibers, owning a natural flame resistance, an insulating ability, and water resistance, possess properties that make wool a valued material within the textile industry.
The quality of wool depends on an array of factors, among which, the breed of sheep, the age of the sheep, and the area of origin are important. Fine wool emerges from Merino sheep, known for producing fibers with a diameter of less than 24 microns, while other breeds of sheep produce coarser wool.
Moreover, the location where the sheep grows affects the quality of wool, as particular regions produce wool with specific properties. For instance, Kashmir’s cashmere goat produces soft and fluffy wool, which is considered a coveted material within the industry.
Wool fibers can undergo various procedures, creating a diverse range of fabrics, such as worsted wool which is smooth, strong, and durable and is typically used in men's suiting. Alternatively, wool can be processed into woolen fabrics, which have a softer, bulkier texture and are often used in outerwear and blankets.
Wool is a renewable resource that can be grown and harvested annually, making it an eco-friendly choice for textile production. However, the production of wool can have negative impacts on the environment if not managed sustainably, such as soil erosion, water pollution, and overgrazing of pastures.
Recently, the focus on sustainable and ethical wool production has intensified, with a range of initiatives, including regenerative agriculture, and the implementation of non-toxic dyes, aimed at reducing the environmental impact of wool production.
