Archaeology Term: Jet
Jet is a type of black, lustrous coal that has been used throughout history to create jewelry and decorative objects. Known for its deep black color and smooth texture, jet has been prized for its aesthetic qualities and its ability to be easily carved.
Jet forms from fossilized wood, typically from ancient trees that have undergone millions of years of pressure and heat. This organic material is relatively soft compared to other types of stone, which makes it easier to carve and shape into intricate designs.
Archaeologically, jet objects are often associated with burial contexts, where they were placed as grave goods. They were believed to have protective or magical properties, a belief that influenced their use in the adornment of the deceased or in ceremonial contexts.
Jet was widely used in ancient times, particularly during the Bronze and Iron Ages, for creating personal ornaments like beads, bracelets, and necklaces. The stone was also shaped into small figurines, buttons, and other items, showing its versatility in craft.
The use of jet was not limited to a single region; it has been found in archaeological sites across Europe, Asia, and the Near East. In Britain, for instance, jet became particularly popular during the Roman and later Viking periods, where it was used for both decorative purposes and as a trade commodity.
Due to its lustrous appearance, jet was often mistaken for precious stones like onyx or obsidian, though it is much more lightweight and softer. Its glossy finish, achieved by polishing, made it a favorite material for creating striking jewelry pieces, which were often worn as symbols of status.
Jet was not only valued for its appearance but also for its association with death and the afterlife. In many ancient cultures, it was thought to have protective qualities, especially when worn as jewelry, offering spiritual or physical protection to the wearer.
In more recent times, the use of jet declined with the advent of new materials, but its historical significance remains. Archaeologists continue to find jet artifacts in burial sites and settlements, offering insights into past cultures' beliefs, craftsmanship, and trade networks.
In conclusion, jet is a type of coal that has been valued for its black color, lustrous finish, and ease of carving. Its widespread use in ancient jewelry and ritual objects provides a fascinating look into the cultural and social practices of past civilizations.
