Archaeology Term: Square
A square in archaeology refers to a subdivision of a site or excavation unit, often used to organize and manage the excavation process.
These small, regular units are typically square or rectangular in shape and serve as the foundation for systematic digging and analysis.
Each square is treated as a separate excavation area, with its own set of coordinates and boundaries. This allows archaeologists to carefully document the exact location of artifacts and features, creating a detailed map of the site.
Squares are often measured in uniform dimensions, such as 1 meter by 1 meter, though the size can vary depending on the project and the nature of the site. By dividing the site into squares, archaeologists can maintain control over their excavation work and ensure that no areas are overlooked.
A network of squares, when placed together across a larger area, forms what is called a grid. The grid system helps to organize the excavation and allows for a more accurate recording of spatial relationships between finds.
Using a grid of squares allows archaeologists to track and document the stratigraphy, or layers, of the site in a precise manner. This system provides a clear record of how the layers and artifacts relate to each other over time.
The grid and square method also aids in distinguishing between different areas of activity within a site. For example, one square might reveal evidence of a hearth, while another could show a burial, helping archaeologists interpret the spatial organization of past human activities.
By assigning numbers or labels to each square, archaeologists can refer to specific locations within a site easily. This allows for more efficient data collection and analysis, particularly when dealing with large sites or complex excavations.
The systematic excavation of squares is important for understanding the history of a site. It provides a clear record of how the site developed over time and helps archaeologists piece together a chronological sequence of human occupation.
In conclusion, squares are essential tools in archaeology for organizing excavation units and ensuring that data is collected in a systematic and controlled manner. By working within a grid of squares, archaeologists can effectively analyze a site’s layers, features, and artifacts, providing insights into past human behaviors.
