Archaeology Term: Conchoidal
Conchoidal fracture is a distinctive characteristic of certain types of stone, such as flint, chert, and obsidian.
When these materials are struck with force, they tend to fracture in a curved, shell-like pattern, resembling the shape of a conch shell. This type of fracture is ideal for producing sharp edges and points, making these materials highly prized for toolmaking.
The conchoidal fracture pattern is a result of the internal structure of the stone, which is composed of tiny, interlocking crystals. When a force is applied, the fracture propagates along the planes of weakness within the material, resulting in a smooth, curved surface.
Archaeologists can identify conchoidal fractures on stone tools, such as arrowheads, scrapers, and knives, to determine the technique used to produce them. By analyzing the shape, size, and orientation of the flakes, archaeologists can gain insights into the cognitive abilities and technological skills of ancient toolmakers.
The study of conchoidal fractures is an important aspect of lithic analysis, a field that focuses on the study of stone tools. By understanding the principles of stone tool production, archaeologists can reconstruct the lifeways of past societies and trace the development of human technology.
